Citation : O . Olukotun , T

نویسندگان

  • O. Olukotun
  • T. Mudge
  • R. Brown
چکیده

This paper formulates and shows how to solve the problem of selecting the cache size and depth of cache pipelining that maximizes the performance of a given instruction-set architecture. The solution combines trace-driven architectural simulations and the timing analysis of the physical implementation of the cache. Increasing cache size tends to improve performance but this improvement is limited because cache access time increases with its size. This trade-off results in an optimization problem we referred to as multilevel optimization, because it requires the simultaneous consideration of two levels of machine abstraction: the architectural level and the physical implementation level. The introduction of pipelining permits the use of larger caches without increasing their apparent access time, however the bubbles caused by load and branch delays limit this technique. In this paper we also show how multilevel optimization can be applied to pipelined systems if softwareand hardware-based strategies are considered for hiding the branch and load delays. The multilevel optimization technique is illustrated with the design of a pipelined cache for a high clock rate MIPS-based architecture. The results of this design exercise show that, because processors with pipelined caches can have shorter CPU cycle times and larger caches, a significant performance advantage is gained by using two or three pipeline stages to fetch data from the cache. Of course, the results are only optimal for the implementation technologies chosen for the design exercise; other choices could result in quite different optimal designs. The exercise is primarily to illustrate the steps in the design of pipelined caches using multilevel optimization, however, it does exemplify the importance of pipelined caches if high clock rate processors are to achieve high performance.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Global Convergence of Stochastic Gradient Descent for Some Non-convex Matrix Problems

The Burer-Monteiro [1] decomposition (X = Y Y T ) with stochastic gradient descent is commonly employed to speed up and scale up matrix problems including matrix completion, subspace tracking, and SDP relaxation. Although it is widely used in practice, there exist no known global convergence results for this method. In this paper, we prove that, under broad sampling conditions, a first-order ra...

متن کامل

A Flexible, Efficient Concurrent Garbage Collector for Speculative Thread Processors

Michael Chen and Kunle Olukotun Computer Systems Lab, Stanford University Abstract In this paper, we introduce a novel garbage collector for Java to be used for processors with speculative threads support like the Hydra chip multiprocessor (CMP). Thread speculation permits parallel execution of sections of sequential code with data dependencies enforced in the hardware, eliminating the need for...

متن کامل

O-Index as a New Assessment Index for Citations

Background and purpose: There are some strengths and weaknesses in current indicators of scientometrics. This study aimed to present a new index of scientometrics in evaluating scientific output of Iranian medical journals. Materials and methods: This exploratory analytical study was done with a scientometric approach in scientific output of 108 medical science journals indexed in Scopus and 6...

متن کامل

Parallel I/O Aspects in PIMA(GE) Lib

c © 2007 by John von Neumann Institute for Computing Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise requires prior specific permission by the publisher ment...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1997